Role of Vitamins in Poultry and Livestock

Vitamin A - Normal functioning of mucoza, reproduction, growth, lactation, vision, disease resistance.

Vitamin D₃ - absorption of calcium & phosphorous, mobilization of calcium from bones, regulate calcification process such as egg-shell & skeletal formation. 

Vitamin E - Biological antioxidant, optimal immune response, chick livability, maintenance of fertility, hatchability & egg production. 

Vitamin K - Co-factor for carboxylation of several pre-formed proteins in liver like prothrombin, osteocalcin and plasma clotting factor; promotes blood clotting. 

Vitamin B₁- Co-enzyme for carboxylase that produces energy, metabolism of CHO, providing energy to central and peripheral nervous system through breakdown of glucose. 

Vitamin B₂ - Development of embryo, maintenance of hatchability, egg production and good health. 

Vitamin B₆ - Amino acid & fatty acid, metabolism, transport of amino acids across cell membrane, immune response, incorporation of iron in Hb, required for conversion of tryptophan to niacin.

Vitamin B₁₂ - Protein synthesis from amino acids, metabolism of propionic acid, fatty acid metabolism.

Niacin - CHO metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, steroid and amino acid synthesis. 

Cal Pan - Energy exchange in all tissues, synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and sterols. 

Folic Acid - Synthesis of nucleic acids, cell formation, protein synthesis, maturation of RBCs, mediation through DNA synthesis in cells. 

Biotin - Essential co-enzyme for I fat, CHO and protein metabolism, conversion of CHO to protein and vice versa, maintaining normal blood glucose levels, de-amination of amino acids.